Digital Prevention Education and Anti-Violence Campus Culture in Indonesian Higher Education: Students’ Perceptions of Online Socialization, Training, and Awareness Initiatives

Abstract

Sexual violence prevention in Indonesian higher education requires institutional approaches that move beyond reactive policy compliance toward visible, educational, and culturally embedded action. This study examined students’ perceptions of online socialization, training, and awareness initiatives as components of digital prevention education and anti-violence campus culture. Anti-violence campus culture is understood as a shared campus environment characterized by prevention literacy, policy visibility, inclusivity, safe participation, and collective responsibility in preventing sexual violence. An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was employed across six Indonesian higher education institutions. The quantitative phase analyzed student responses to prevention-related indicators using descriptive statistics and SmartPLS 4, while the qualitative phase used thematic analysis to explain how participants interpreted the preventive and cultural value of digital initiatives. The findings revealed consistently high levels of agreement, ranging from 86.01% to 90.12%, suggesting that students perceived online initiatives as meaningful mechanisms for strengthening sexual violence prevention. The strongest dimensions were annual digital program planning, digital socialization of policies and programs, and value-based awareness promotion, whereas online training and digital documentation were perceived as slightly less consolidated. Qualitative findings further showed that students associated digital initiatives with increased literacy, wider access to prevention information, sustained awareness, inclusivity, and a safer campus environment. These findings indicate that digital prevention education should not be understood merely as information transfer, but as a potential mechanism for cultural assimilation through which institutional messages, preventive values, and anti-violence norms become more visible in campus life. The study contributes to the literature by linking digital prevention education, student perceptions, and anti-violence campus culture within the Indonesian higher education context.