Education as an Economic Tool for Regulating Internal Migration in Kazakhstan: Analysis and Assessment of Government Initiatives

Abstract

This study is dedicated to the analysis and evaluation of government initiatives aimed at reducing unemployment and addressing the issues of overpopulation in the southern regions and declining demographics in the northern regions of the country. The research also examines the role of education as a factor in the evaluation and utilization of state programs for regulating migration. An assessment of the implementation of three government programs designed to address internal migration challenges has been conducted. Currently, one of the main programs in this field is the "Enbek" program, which primarily focuses on establishing an effective system for training highly qualified personnel and supporting socially vulnerable groups. Additionally, the analysis includes the outcomes of the "Serpin" program and the resettlement program "South-North," whose primary goal is to address the overpopulation of the southern regions and to settle the northern regions of the country. The study reveals that, despite significant funding, the results of these programs have been ineffective. Specifically, certain indicators related to reducing the national unemployment rate have not been achieved. Participants of the "Serpin" and "South-North" resettlement programs failed to adapt to the northern regions and returned to their previous places of residence due to a lack of housing, employment, and low wages.